H. Pylori test
Published Jan. 20, 2024
By Hopkins Medtech
What is H. Pylori?
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects the stomach and is a major cause of various gastrointestinal conditions, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, and even stomach cancer. Most people with H. pylori never have symptoms. But in some people, the bacteria can cause problems with digestion.
H.pylori may be spread from person to person through contact with vomit, stool (poop), or saliva (spit) from an infected person. The bacteria may also be spread through contaminated food and water.
Testing is important for detection of H. pylori. Repeat testing after treatment is important to be sure H. pylori is gone.
Types of H. pylori Tests
Non-Invasive Tests:
Stool Antigen Test: Detects H. pylori proteins in stool samples using immunoassays, providing a non-invasive and reliable method.
Urea Breath Test (UBT): Involves drinking a solution containing urea labeled with a special carbon or nitrogen isotope. If H. pylori is present, it breaks down the urea, and the labeled carbon or nitrogen is detected in exhaled breath.
Blood Antibody Test: Measures antibodies produced in response to H. pylori infection. It’s less commonly used due to the persistence of antibodies even after successful treatment.
Invasive Tests:
Gastric Biopsy: During an upper endoscopy, a biopsy sample is collected from the stomach lining. The sample is then examined under a microscope to identify the presence of H. pylori bacteria and assess associated damage or inflammation.
Rapid Urease Test: A biopsy sample is placed in a special solution containing urea and a pH indicator. If H. pylori is present, it produces urease, causing a color change in the solution within minutes.
